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    Hosting, cloud and domains

    Compare hosting against the site’s real needs: availability, data, backups, support, location and responsibilities. Domain, email and application may belong to different providers.

    Map one real website across domain, DNS, email, files, database and backups. Ask each supplier what it operates and rehearse data recovery before committing.

    Browse the resources Troubleshooting methods Plan for updates and an exit

    AI-generated illustration

    Editorial method

    A directory made to be useful, not merely long.

    Each entry has a clear role and an official destination. The catalogue avoids link farms, copied descriptions and artificial rankings.

    01

    Official foundations

    Standards bodies, official documentation and public authorities are used as primary reference points.

    02

    Professional tools

    Established services are grouped by actual use: building, hosting, measuring, securing, publishing or promoting a website.

    03

    Independent reading

    Inclusion is editorial and unpaid. A listing does not imply a partnership or guarantee.

    Before choosing

    Compare on three practical questions

    Hosting, cloud and domains
    CriterionQuestion to resolve
    ResponsibilitiesWho manages the domain, DNS, certificates, updates and restoration?
    RecoveryCan a backup be restored and data exported in a usable format?
    CommitmentWhich support response times, renewal fees and exit terms are written down?

    Keep a short decision record: requirement, source, observed result and unresolved point. Test the same task with each candidate instead of comparing marketing lists of features.

    Search and filter

    Official starting points for this topic

    Compare their role and documentation before selecting a tool. Inclusion is not a ranking.

    28 resources displayed

    Hosting, cloud and domains

    MDN HTTP Range Requests

    Guide to HTTP requests for part of a resource, partial responses and unsatisfiable ranges.

    MDN HTTP Range Requests · Source consulted
    The date applies to the linked document, not to a review of every service feature.

    Use it for : Check resuming a large download instead of transferring the whole file again.

    Apply it to a project
    InternationalCommunity / learning
    developer.mozilla.orgVisit official website
    Hosting, cloud and domains

    MDN Content Negotiation

    Guide to selecting an HTTP representation according to client capabilities or preferences, including language, format and encoding.

    MDN Content Negotiation · Source consulted
    The date applies to the linked document, not to a review of every service feature.

    Use it for : Prevent a shared cache from delivering the wrong representation.

    Apply it to a project
    InternationalCommunity / learning
    developer.mozilla.orgVisit official website
    Hosting, cloud and domains

    MDN Retry-After

    Header indicating a delay or date for another attempt, including after unavailability or request limiting.

    MDN Retry-After · Source consulted
    The date applies to the linked document, not to a review of every service feature.

    Use it for : Prepare announced downtime without endless automatic retry attempts.

    Apply it to a project
    InternationalCommunity / learning
    developer.mozilla.orgVisit official website
    Hosting, cloud and domains

    DNSViz

    Visualisation of a domain’s DNS resolution chain and DNSSEC elements for examining delegation or validation problems.

    DNSViz — documentation officielle · Reviewed

    Use it for : Examine a public domain’s delegation and DNSSEC chain. Visualisation supports diagnosis but does not replace service inventory and email tests.

    Apply it to a project
    InternationalTool / software
    dnsviz.netVisit official website
    Hosting, cloud and domains

    Zonemaster

    Domain DNS configuration testing tool developed by Afnic and Internetstiftelsen. Results require technical interpretation.

    Zonemaster — outil officiel · Reviewed

    Use it for : Test a prepared zone before and after a change; distinguish blocking errors, warnings and domain context.

    Apply it to a project
    EuropeTool / software
    zonemaster.netVisit official website
    Choose a starting point

    What each category helps you decide.

    These examples illustrate uses, not rankings or endorsements. Verify each provider’s current documentation and terms before a decision.

    Hosting, cloud and domains

    Compare hosting against the site’s real needs: availability, data, backups, support, location and responsibilities. Domain, email and application may belong to different providers.

    Questions to check
    • List what the offer includes and what remains your responsibility.
    • Check how data can be exported and a backup restored.

    A practical use : Map one real website across domain, DNS, email, files, database and backups. Ask each supplier what it operates and rehearse data recovery before committing.

    What this cannot prove : Location, support and restoration depend on the precise plan. Advertised prices may exclude renewal or necessary features.

    Examples : OVHcloud · Infomaniak

    Related guide : Take over or hand over a website with confidence

    Explore troubleshooting situations

    Troubleshooting methods

    A hosting change can affect a chain of services: website, files, domain, email and caches. These symptoms help locate a difficulty before intervention. Run trials on a copy and prepare recovery before changing the public service.

    A corrected page still shows old information

    What you observe
    A change appears on one device but not another, or disappears after changing networks.
    Before drawing a conclusion
    Content may be served by several caches. Clearing one browser’s data does not establish that the public version is updated everywhere.
    Verification step
    Record the exact URL, time, content version and observed response headers. Compare the layers in your architecture, then recheck the change after a targeted action on the relevant cache.

    Restoration works, but images are missing

    What you observe
    The restored database contains the expected pages, but media fails to load or points to an old location.
    Before drawing a conclusion
    A backup file may cover only part of a site. Uploaded files, external dependencies and configuration also need an inventory.
    Verification step
    On the restored copy, open a recent page with media, search for content and check download links. Document missing elements and their planned recovery method before approving the backup.

    The website works after a move, but email does not

    What you observe
    The browser opens the new website, while email exchanges no longer behave as expected.
    Before drawing a conclusion
    The website and email can depend on different suppliers and settings. A working page does not validate every service attached to the domain.
    Verification step
    Compare the pre-change inventory with services currently in use. Ask the email owner to check its settings and test receiving and sending with authorised demonstration messages.

    Further documentation

    Keep useful data when changing tools

    Before making a resource part of website operations, plan for updates and an exit too. These checks concern your trial results without assuming features or prices of a particular plan.

    Recover the site

    Try recovering files, database and media on a copy. An archive containing only the theme cannot reconstruct content.

    Separate services

    Identify domain, DNS, certificates, email and hosting. Moving files does not automatically transfer these other services.

    Check the exit

    Prepare redirects, mail delivery and restoration checks before switching. Record the plan’s renewal and data-recovery conditions.

    Apply it to a project
    Transparency

    Editorial scope and third-party websites

    This non-exhaustive directory had its data consistency and links checked on 2 October 2026. Some websites restrict automated checks. It contains external links to independent websites. Their availability, content, prices, cookies and terms may change. Française du Numérique does not control them and receives no commission for their inclusion.

    Suggest a resource or correction
    Related topics
    Directory questions

    Selection, independence and updates.

    The editorial selection prioritises primary and official sources, established standards bodies, widely used professional tools, specialised media and active communities that are directly relevant to creating, operating, securing or promoting websites. An entry should have a clear purpose, an identifiable publisher and an official destination. The catalogue is independent, non-exhaustive and does not attempt to rank every available provider. Inclusion may be reconsidered when a resource closes, changes purpose, becomes misleading or no longer offers enough practical value. Review dates indicate when the catalogue was last checked as a whole, not a guarantee that every external page remains unchanged afterwards. Visitors should therefore confirm current pricing, terms, security and suitability on the third-party website before relying on a service.

    No. A directory entry is a practical reference, not a certification, partnership, security audit or commercial endorsement. The listed organisations remain responsible for their products, content, prices, availability, cookies, personal-data practices and contractual terms. A resource may be useful for one project and unsuitable for another because requirements, jurisdiction, budget and technical capacity differ. Française du Numérique does not receive a commission for inclusion in this editorial directory. Before creating an account, purchasing a service or transferring data, visitors should review the official documentation, current terms, support arrangements, export options and relevant independent evidence. When the decision carries legal, financial or security consequences, an appropriately qualified assessment may also be necessary.

    Yes. The search field checks resource names and editorial topics, while filters narrow the catalogue by category, geographical origin and resource type. Filtering and sorting take place locally in the browser, so the text entered in the directory search is not sent to a separate search provider. Combining several filters may produce no result even when a useful resource exists in a neighbouring category; in that case, remove one filter or try a broader term. The catalogue descriptions are deliberately concise and cannot represent every feature offered by a third party. Open the official website to confirm capabilities, documentation and current conditions before making a decision.

    Use the contact page and provide the resource name, official URL, publisher, relevant category and a short explanation of its value for web professionals or project owners. For a correction, identify the entry and the information that appears inaccurate or outdated, ideally with a primary source. Suggestions are reviewed before publication and may be declined when the destination lacks a clear publisher, duplicates an existing entry, is primarily promotional, creates avoidable risk or falls outside the directory scope. Submission does not guarantee inclusion or a particular position, and paid placement is not offered through this editorial process.

    It has a known scope, date, recovery procedure and documented restoration test. “Backup included” alone does not establish which files are covered or what assistance is available. Check these details for the specific plan and your site.

    Include renewal costs, remaining administrative tasks and data recovery. Compare equivalent scopes against written supplier terms. A price difference becomes meaningful when you know who handles each responsibility.

    Compare using observable evidence

    Before choosing a resource, run a limited trial using the same data and task. Keep the outcome and its limitations rather than a ranking based on familiarity.

    Prepare a demonstration backup with files, database and attachments. Verify restoration in an isolated environment and record missing elements. Then compare recurring cost, support and exit options; a backup button does not prove successful recovery.

    Use precise terms

    Two distinctions before comparing resources

    An old resource and an access permission require different investigations.